| July 1939 |
| July 1st, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The German High Command continues planning for the invasion of Poland, with military exercises intensifying near the Polish border. German reconnaissance aircraft conduct flights over Polish territory, mapping infrastructure and defensive positions. |
| Great Britain and France prepare for War: The British and French governments remain concerned about German aggression and reaffirm their commitment to Poland’s independence. |
| Soviet Union prepares for War: In the Soviet Union, Stalin holds meetings with military advisors, evaluating Germany’s growing influence in Eastern Europe. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Tensions between Japan and China remain high. Japanese forces reinforce positions in Manchuria, while Chinese troops prepare for potential offensives in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese Navy increases patrols in the South China Sea to disrupt Chinese supply lines. |
| July 2nd, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: German propaganda efforts escalate, with state-controlled media portraying Poland as a hostile aggressor. |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The Wehrmacht begins logistical movements, positioning supplies and armoured divisions closer to the border. |
| Poland prepares for War: The Polish military continues fortifying key defensive positions along its western border. |
| Great Britain and France prepare for War: British and French intelligence services report increased German troop concentrations near East Prussia and Silesia. |
| United States monitors Japan: In the Pacific, the United States Navy continues monitoring Japanese naval activities. |
| Soviet–Japanese Border Conflicts: The Japanese Army strengthens its foothold in central China, The Japanese launch an offensive in Hubei Province aiming to encircle Soviet forces, but face stiff resistance. Battles of Khalkhin Gol or the Nomonhan Incident, between Mongolia, the Soviet Union and Japan. The Japanese offensive in the Battles of Khalkhin Gol begins in early July 1939, and they deploy a force of approximately 38,000 men, along with tanks, artillery, and air support. Their goal is to seize control of the disputed border region and assert dominance over Mongolia. |
| July 3rd, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: Germany intensifies economic and industrial efforts to prepare for war, increasing the production of tanks, aircraft, and munitions. Hitler meets with top military commanders to discuss strategies for a swift victory in Poland. |
| Great Britain prepares for War: The British War Cabinet convenes to assess German movements and discuss possible diplomatic responses. |
| France prepares for War: The French government accelerates military preparedness, increasing the production of war materials. |
| Italy prepares for War: Italy expands its colonial military presence in Libya and East Africa, increasing troop deployments in preparation for future hostilities. |
| July 4th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The Luftwaffe increases its air patrols along the Polish border. Polish intelligence detects these movements and warns the government of possible German military action. |
| France supports Poland: France sends additional military advisors to Poland, assisting in defensive preparations. |
| Soviet Union prepares for War: The Soviet Union monitors German activities closely, with Stalin evaluating potential responses. |
| Holocaust: The Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland (Reich Association of Jews in Germany) is established as the sole legal Jewish organisation in Germany. This organisation is created by the Nazi with the goal of centralizing and controlling the Jewish community in Germany according to Nazi policies. It effectively replaces all other Jewish organisations and institutions that exist at the time. |
| British Politics: The Daily Telegraph is beginning a campaign to give Winston Churchill a position in the British cabinet. The News Chronicle, The Yorkshire Post, The Observer, and Picture Post are also joining the campaign. This collective effort reflects a growing sentiment among these publications and segments of the public that Churchill’s leadership and political experience are needed during these challenging times. They see him as a figure who can contribute significantly to the British government, especially as Europe faces the growing threat of World War 2. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces conduct aerial reconnaissance over Chongqing, southwestern China, preparing for further bombing raids. |
| Australia prepares for War: Australian military authorities hold discussions about strengthening their Pacific defences in case of Japanese expansion. |
| July 5th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: Hitler orders the German Foreign Office to continue pressing Poland for territorial concessions over Danzig and the Polish Corridor. Polish government officials reject German demands, reinforcing their stance against German expansionism. |
| Great Britain prepares for War: The British Royal Navy places additional vessels on alert in case of conflict escalation. |
| United States calls Diplomacy: President Franklin D. Roosevelt makes a public statement urging European powers to seek diplomatic solutions. |
| Great Britain and France prepare for War: British and French forces increase defensive fortifications in Egypt and Tunisia in response to growing Italian military activity in Libya. |
| July 6th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The Wehrmacht conducts large-scale war games in eastern Germany, simulating an invasion of Poland. Polish military leaders respond by increasing defensive drills and border patrols. |
| France prepares for War: French intelligence analysts warn that Germany appears to be finalising its invasion plans. |
| Great Britain prepares for War: Great Britain and France discuss possible economic sanctions against Germany. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: The Japanese Imperial Army continues strengthening its hold over occupied Chinese territories. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Chinese resistance groups organise supply routes in Sichuan Province to counter Japanese advancements. |
| July 7th, 1939 |
| Gemany and Italy negotiate: German officials intensify diplomatic efforts to secure Italian support for a potential conflict. Benito Mussolini expresses caution, reluctant to commit Italy to war without further strategic considerations. |
| Poland prepares for War: Poland strengthens military outposts along the western border, deploying additional artillery units. |
| Soviet Union, Great Britain and France negotiate: The Soviet Union continues negotiations with Great Britain and France regarding a potential anti-German alliance. |
| Soviet–Japanese Border Conflicts: Tensions rise between Japan and the Soviet Union along the Mongolian border. The ongoing conflict at Khalkhin Gol sees sporadic clashes between Soviet and Japanese forces. |
| July 8th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The German military continues logistical build-up near the Polish border, transporting additional troops and equipment. |
| Poland prepares for War: Polish authorities begin implementing emergency defensive measures. |
| Great Britain prepares for War: British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain delivers a speech reaffirming Britain’s commitment to Poland. |
| France helps Poland: French military advisors assess Poland’s defensive capabilities, noting deficiencies in mechanised warfare. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: The Japanese Navy intensifies operations near Hainan Island in the South China Sea, aiming to secure naval dominance in the region. |
| July 9th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: Germany’s Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop increases diplomatic pressure on Poland, demanding further territorial concessions. Polish leaders refuse to negotiate under threat. |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The Luftwaffe increases training exercises, preparing bomber squadrons for potential operations. |
| Great Britain and France prepare for War: The British and French governments send warnings to Berlin, reiterating their support for Poland’s sovereignty. |
| Italy prepares for War: Italian forces continue military preparations in Eritrea and Somalia, positioning themselves for potential conflicts in East Africa. |
| July 10th, 1939 |
| Germany prepares for War: Germany accelerates war production, prioritising tank and aircraft manufacturing. |
| Poland prepares for War: The Polish High Command orders the construction of additional fortifications near key cities. |
| Great Britain and France try to negotiate with Germany: British and French diplomats attempt to mediate tensions, but Germany refuses to engage in serious negotiations. |
| Soviet Union hestiates to chose sides: Stalin remains cautious about committing the Soviet Union to an anti-German pact. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces prepare for a renewed offensive against Chinese forces in the Yangtze River Valley. |
| July 11th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: German military planners finalise detailed invasion scenarios for Poland, identifying key supply routes and areas for rapid mechanised assault. |
| Great Britain prepares for War: In Great Britain, the War Cabinet discusses accelerating military production. |
| Soviet Union prepares for War: The Soviet Union continues arms production while closely monitoring German diplomatic efforts. |
| July 12th, 1939 |
| Japan attacks China: Japanese forces intensify their bombardment of Chinese defensive positions in the Yangtze River Valley. |
| Soviet–Japanese Border Conflicts: Soviet troops receive additional reinforcements along the Mongolian border as skirmishes with Japanese forces persist. |
| July 13th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The German Luftwaffe continues testing new air tactics, focusing on massed dive-bombing formations. |
| Poland prepares for War: Poland strengthens its anti-aircraft defences around key cities. |
| Great Britain and France prepare for War: British and French naval forces conduct joint exercises in preparation for potential hostilities. |
| July 14th, 1939 |
| Italy prepares for War: Italy increases its military presence in Libya, deploying additional divisions in anticipation of regional conflicts. |
| France Prepares for War: French intelligence gathers reports of further German troop movements near the Polish border. |
| July 15th, 1939 |
| Poland prepares for War: The Polish Army conducts large-scale defensive manoeuvres in western Poland. |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: Hitler meets with top military leaders, affirming that an invasion will proceed unless Poland submits to German territorial demands. |
| Soviet Union prepares for War: Soviet forces fortify positions in eastern Europe. |
| July 16th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: Germany orders additional units to the Polish frontier, while Polish border patrols report increased German provocations. |
| Great Britain prepares for War: The British Royal Navy places more vessels on high alert, ready to counter potential German naval movements. |
| July 17th, 1939 |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces launch a major offensive in northern China, seeking to consolidate their control over key industrial regions. |
| Soviet–Japanese Border Conflicts: Soviet and Japanese forces engage in prolonged skirmishes along the Mongolian frontier at Khalkhin Gol. |
| July 18th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The German Kriegsmarine finalises plans for potential naval operations in the Baltic Sea. |
| Poland prepares for War: The Polish government increases military conscription in response to escalating tensions. |
| Great Britain and France prepare for War: Great Britain and France reassert their commitment to Polish independence. |
| July 19th, 1939 |
| Germany prepares for War: Hitler delivers a speech reaffirming Germany’s territorial ambitions. |
| Soviet Union and Germany negotiate: The Soviet Union continues discussions with German envoys regarding a potential non-aggression pact. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces in China push deeper into Sichuan Province. |
| July 20th, 1939 |
| Poland prepares for War: Polish intelligence reports increased German espionage activity. |
| France prepares for War: French military leaders prepare contingency plans for a rapid mobilisation in response to German aggression. |
| July 21st, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The Wehrmacht carries out additional war games, simulating the rapid encirclement of Polish forces. |
| Great Britain prepares for War: The British government intensifies aerial defence preparations. |
| July 22nd, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: German armoured divisions continue staging near the Polish border. |
| Poland prepares for War: Polish forces construct additional fortifications along key transit routes. |
| July 23rd, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: The Luftwaffe conducts high-altitude reconnaissance over Polish territory. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces in China establish supply lines for extended campaigns. |
| July 24th, 1939 |
| France supports Poland: France reaffirms its military alliance with Poland. |
| Soviet Union and Germany negotiate: Soviet and German diplomats continue back-channel discussions regarding Eastern Europe. |
| July 25th, 1939 |
| Germany prepares for War: German tank production increases significantly. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan’s military leadership plans for an intensified campaign against China, focusing on securing southern regions. |
| July 26th, 1939 |
| United States sanctions Japan: The United States freezes Japanese assets in response to increasing Japanese aggression in China. |
| Poland prepares for War: The Polish government warns citizens to prepare for potential evacuation. |
| July 27th, 1939 |
| Preperations Fall Weiß: Germany refines Blitzkrieg tactics, conducting final training exercises for rapid armoured assaults. |
| Poland prepares for War: Poland deploys additional forces to defensive positions along the Vistula River. |
| July 29th, 1939 |
| Great Britain and France prepare for War: British and French intelligence confirm that Germany has nearly completed preparations for war. |
| Soviet Union prepares for War: Soviet military leaders conduct a final review of their contingency plans. |
| July 29th, 1939 |
| Germany prepares for War: German industrial production reaches peak wartime levels. |
| Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan deploys additional forces to Manchuria, preparing for further escalation with Soviet forces. |
| July 30th, 1939 |
| Poland prepares for War: Polish government officials meet to discuss emergency wartime measures. |
| Great Britain and France try to negotiate with Germany: Great Britain and France intensify diplomatic efforts to deter German aggression. |
| July 31st, 1939 |
| Great Britain and France try to negotiate with Germany: Great Britain and France announced that military talks would commence in Moscow to negotiate a pact with the Soviet Union. |
| Military Appointments: Admiral Dudley Pound was appointed as Britain’s Admiral of the Fleet. |